The Paypers Report on Interbank Payments in 2026 (Part 3)

The Paypers Report on Interbank Payments in 2026 (Part 3)

Full report; part 1; part 2.

7️⃣ Competition with card payments

🟣 According to the report’s authors, A2A and card payments will compete in the near term, complementing rather than replacing each other.
🟣 Advantages of A2A: lower costs for merchants and faster receipt of funds.
🟣 Advantages of bank cards: extensive international networks, standardized payment dispute procedures, credit facilities, and rewards programs.
🟣 Global networks Visa 💳 and Mastercard ❤️ are adapting to the growth of A2A by developing services based on Open Banking, instant payments, fraud prevention, and KYC, creating additional advantages.

8️⃣ Regulation and Fraud Prevention

Unlike card payments, transaction dispute mechanisms vary considerably across A2A systems. Instant payments offer greater speed but also pose risks, as the limited time available to detect errors or fraud can make it difficult to intervene before funds are transferred.

➡️ Main risks:

🔣 APP fraud (Authorised Push Payment fraud): Scammers persuade customers to authorize transfers themselves;
🔣 Phishing, social engineering, and unauthorized access to bank accounts;
🔣 QR code substitution;
🔣 Difficulty reversing erroneous transfers;
🔣 Lack of standardized procedures for disputing transactions and obtaining refunds.

➡️ Potential solutions:

🔣 Verifying the recipient’s name and bank details before transferring funds;
🔣 Real-time monitoring of suspicious transactions;
🔣 Sharing fraud-related data among relevant institutions;
🔣 Strengthening secure authentication mechanisms;
🔣 Establishing clear rules on participant liability and standardized dispute resolution procedures.

In Europe🇪🇺, the regulatory framework for payments is evolving through initiatives such as PSD3, the Payment Services Regulation (PSR), the Instant Payments Regulation, and the European digital identity framework.

9️⃣ AI and Agentic Commerce

The volume of AI-enabled transactions could increase from USD 8 billion to USD 3.5 trillion between 2026 and 2031.

🟨 Advantages for A2A payments:

🟡 AI-assisted selection of lower-cost payment methods;
🟡 Suitability for payments subject to predefined limits;
🟡 APIs that enable the automation of payment initiation, confirmation, and verification.

🟨 Potential challenges: Verifying agents’ authority to act on behalf of users, determining liability for AI-related errors, preventing fraud, and ensuring effective communication between banks and customers.

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